I Learned About Myself Because of You Essay

â€Å"In America, they want you to accomplish these great feats, to pull off these David Copperfield-type stunts. You want me to be great, but you don’t ever want me to say I’m great?† –Kanye West, Rolling Stone, 2006 In life, people often believe that things should come in golden wrappers and big packages. We want to reach the highest goals and our best dreams such that, we take great pains of effort to achieve those set objectives and goals. Self-centeredness is the name of the game and yet in the end, those who follow this mind-set end up frustrated and alone. Yes, almost everyone wants to be the king of the world; on top of the heap; in the time of our lives. Mediocrity and complacency have no place in our vocabulary as these are only for those without dreams. Now there is absolutely nothing wrong with setting up your own goals, but the caveat is that you do not necessarily have to do it on your own. Indeed, the â€Å"self† is important in our being, but one must also consider how others view you or how others may contribute to one’s being. Remember that we are a social being; we live in co-existence with other people. Likewise, other people live in co-existence with us. Communication is the medium and we, ourselves, are the message. The poem, â€Å"Touching Bottom† teaches exactly this lesson in a quite clever and simple way. Julia Alvarez, the author of the poem, used the ubiquitous activity of hearing in our daily lives as the central act of learning more about ourselves and building up on our personality. â€Å"Sometimes the best advice comes randomly,† she says at the opening line of her poem. This shows how we must be open and sensitive to the tiniest details around us. Case in point: We have our goals, but we must become able receivers of messages from all around us. We must have the ability to transfer those random messages and transform them into systematic interaction for our future activities and/or events in life. After the opening line has aptly introduced the poem, the author then amusingly delivers simple thoughts that any ordinary person would have excused as mere â€Å"blah†: â€Å"Please hold through the silence,† the machine voice said, the best advice I’d ever come across for weathering writer’s block†¦ Words and phrases that seem to be the usual in one instance may be the best advice for another situation in our lives. It takes an effort of sensitivity for the â€Å"others† to be aware of the multitude of unsolicited advices and life lessons we can here at random. Self-centered people may have barred this flow communication from the very first instance. Psychology formally introduced this concept to us as the Johari’s Window. It states that there are several â€Å"windows† we can look to learn about ourselves for self-acknowledgement and self-recognition. To be quite simple about it, we learn about ourselves not just from the self-image we conceive about ourselves, but also how others view us. And most of the time, the inputs really matter most in changing our lives: And yet, I love how words can sound the world, how they can take you deep inside your life: you say something simple, and suddenly, the plank in reason breaks and down you drop – into a liberating train of thought. It takes a matter of humility to accept the things said to you and to transform those words into â€Å"a liberating train of thought.† And again, the self-centered person would have by-passed that train of thought because he is sensitive only to what he thinks, what he does, and what he may do in the future. So, do not let those precious moments of random, but caring, words and thoughts fly by you. The key is to have an open mind, and realize that we still have a lot to learn from even the most obscure person. We all just have to know where to place the words they say in our lives.

Of Mice And Men Characters Essay

In ‘Of Mice And Men,’ all the characters have different problems, whether they are physical, mental or personal. Although the two characters who I feel have the most problems are Crooks and George. Crooks, the black stable buck is forever being pick on by the other men at the ranch, mostly because of his colour. In the time in which the book was set, black people in America were thought of as lower than white people. At the ranch, Crooks cannot live in the bunk-house with all the other men, but he has to sleep in the harness room, at the back of the barn. In this room he is surrounded by all the unused horse tack, and therefore has hardly any space for his personal belongings. Crooks is given no privacy, and gets quite cross because he is not allowed to enter the bunk-house but the other men can just walk into his room. In the book he says to Lennie, â€Å"You’ve no right to come into my room, nobody got any right in here but me.† After he has talked to Lennie for a while, he starts to enjoy having someone to talk to, because when he is in his room by himself, there is no one he can talk with. I think that he likes talking to Lennie because he realized that Lennie is slow, so Crooks can say what he wants and Lennie will not remember anything. To get the other men back for teasing him, he becomes very sour when they enter his room, and as he passes the other men he ignores them, as a pay back for the names they call him. Although I do feel that Crooks gets extremely lonely. All day long he is on his own, he cannot work because he has a crooked back, from once being kicked by a horse, so he has to stay behind at the ranch and generally look after the place. When he was abused by Curley, he cannot answer back, because Curley is the Boss’ son, and he knows that if he gets fired, he will probably not get another job because of his disability. The other man who I think has a lot of problems is George. He has to take Lennie with him everywhere, although, Lennie often gets into trouble and this gets George into trouble too. Without Lennie around him George could have such a good life, â€Å"God almighty, if I was alone I could live so easy. I could get a job and work, an’ no trouble. No mess at all, and when the end of the month come, I could take my fifty bucks and go into town and get whatever I want.† This shows that without Lennie with him, causing trouble, he could keep a good job, and spend his time in the way he wants to, without having to think about anyone else. Although I do think that George likes Lennie, as he is always there to talk to and to share dreams with, they are obviously very close, but George does get annoyed with him, especially because Lennie finds it hard to remember things, such as where they are traveling to. Although he does seem to remember every bad word George says about him. When George talks of the ‘little place’ they’re going to get, his face lights up and he really enjoys seeing Lennie happy and even though George is stuck with Lennie, he still likes having him there. When George is talking to Slim, in the book, he tries to cover up for Lennie’s mistakes in Weed, as he knows that Lennie would never hurt anyone on purpose. At the end of the book when George shoots Lennie he knew that he had to kill him. I think that partly the reason for this is because George knows that Lennie will be shot any way, but if he did it, it would be out of love and protection, and not revenge and hatred. George also knows that he cannot go on with Lennie, always running away from some kind of trouble that Lennie has caused, and the incident at the ranch was probably the last straw. Out of the two men described, I think that the person with the most problems is George. In the first part of the book, he always had Lennie with him, making things very difficult for him to have any privacy or time for himself. Lennie prevented him from ever keeping a job, and this often got him into trouble. At the end of the book, when George shot Lennie, he felt awful, because he was killing his best, and probably only friend. George would always live with the memory of Lennie, and the memory of how he shot him. All throughout the book George was telling Lennie that the other guys on these ranches move from place to place, having nobody. Now George would be like these other guys, but before he and Lennie. I think that George has more problems than Crooks, because in America in those times, all black people were treated lower than whites. Crooks cannot help this problem, because wherever he goes, he would receive the same kind of abuse. Another disadvantage Crooks has, is his crooked back, but again, he cannot help this so he did not create the problem. I feel very sorry for George, as he and Lennie have been through so much together, at some times, he wished that he never had to stay with Lennie, but now everything it over for him and he wants Lennie back.

Literature review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Literature review - Assignment Example Cahill, K. E., McNamara, T. K., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Valcour, M. (2015). Linking shifts in the national economy with changes in job satisfaction, employee engagement and work–life balance.  Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics,  56, 40-54. Chumg, H. F., Cooke, L., Fry, J., & Hung, I. H. (2015). Factors affecting knowledge sharing in the virtual organisation: Employees’ sense of well-being as a mediating effect.  Computers in Human Behavior,  44, 70-80. Hsu, J. S. C., Shih, S. P., Chiang, J. C., & Liu, J. Y. C. (2012). The impact of transactive memory systems on IS development teams coordination, communication, and performance.  International Journal of Project Management,30(3), 329-340. Wu, L., Rusyidi, B., Claiborne, N., & McCarthy, M. L. (2013). Relationships between work–life balance and job-related factors among child welfare workers. Children and Youth Services Review,  35(9), 1447-1454. Yu, Y., Hao, J. X., Dong, X. Y., & Khalifa, M. (2013). A multilevel model for effects of social capital and knowledge sharing in knowledge- intensive work teams.  International Journal of Information Management,  33(5),

Information Security analysis Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 21750 words

Information Security analysis - Dissertation Example The researcher states that of the 124 organizations involved in the present study, majority are public sector organizations from the education sector with a size of more than 1000 employees which have been in operation for more than three decades. Majority of the organizations have IT departments and employs at least one person knowledgeable about information security. Majority of the IT department staff in the respective organizations hold bachelor degrees, working in non-technical tasks, and whose working experience in the IT field is in the range of one to five years. The knowledge level of employees working with information security in the respective organizations is neutral (neither poor nor good) broken down as follows: security management, neither poor nor good; access control, neither poor nor good; cryptography, poor; security models and architecture, neither poor nor good; telecommunications and networking, good; applications and system development, neither poor nor good; b usiness continuity, neither poor nor good; law investigations and ethics, neither poor nor good; physical security, neither poor nor good; and operations security, neither poor nor good. Given that the knowledge level of IT staff among the organization is mediocre (not poor, but not good either), majority of them either have no plans to acquire certifications in security or have plans but specified no definite time frame. As to information security, majority of the 124 organizations do not apply any information security standards and this majority is undecided whether or not to apply InfoSec standards in the future. ... 5 Health Services 10 8.1 8.1 72.6 Food & Agriculture 4 3.2 3.2 75.8 Transportation 4 3.2 3.2 79.0 Electricity 3 2.4 2.4 81.5 Water 3 2.4 2.4 83.9 Foreign Affairs Sector 1 .8 .8 84.7 Labour Sector 2 1.6 1.6 86.3 Tourism 4 3.2 3.2 89.5 Social Affairs Sector 4 3.2 3.2 92.7 Justice Sector 2 1.6 1.6 94.4 Islamic Affairs Sector 2 1.6 1.6 96.0 Media Sector 5 4.0 4.0 100.0 Total 124 100.0 100.0 As shown in Table 2, organizations from the education, military, trading and contracting, and banking and finance sectors represent 23.4%, 10.5%, 10.5%, and 8.9% of the total number organizations considered in the study, respectively. Cumulatively, the aforementioned figures represent 53.3% of the total. The Embassy of Switzerland (2011) identified the following major sectors in Saudi Arabia: oil and gas, financial services, engineering and construction, medical equipment and healthcare, insurance, transport, electrical power systems, water resources equipment, telecommunication, food and beverage, an d education. Table 3 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the 124 organization when they are grouped with respect to size. The organizations were categorized into five groups: 1 to 50 employees, 51 to 100 employees, 101 to 500 employees, 501 to 1000 employees, and more than 1000 employees. Table 3. Distribution of organizations according to size. Size of your organization Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1 - 50 Employees 17 13.7 13.7 13.7 51 – 100 Employees 25 20.2 20.2 33.9 101 – 500 Employees 27 21.8 21.8 55.6 501 - 1000 Employees 11 8.9 8.9 64.5 More than 1000 Employees 44 35.5 35.5 100.0 Total 124 100.0 100.0 It may be gleaned from Table 3 that 44 out of 124 organizations or more than one third of the organizations considered in the present

Home alone part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Home alone part 1 - Essay Example It is on one morning he finds himself alone in the house, but the family did not leave him intentionally. His dream comes true, but, unfortunately, some thieves attempt to rob the house but they get arrested in the end. (Bettig, 145) In Home Alone movie, Kevin is struggling to get his freedom in this family full of bullies. He feels that he does not belong to the family and even he gets to a point whereby he wishes that he did not have a family at all. Kevin is left behind by the family after they are rushing to catch the aircraft to Paris for vacation. Kevin was left in his bedroom that is in the third floor because he quarrels with his brother. Unfortunately, he is forgotten and left him in the house alone. However, Kevin is very happy and feels free as he once wished. He feels very good to be alone, having all the pizzas for himself, messing around and also jumping and playing on his parent’s bed. Kevin family is seen to leave their home to Paris for Christmas holiday. As as result, he is left alone in the house unintentionally by his family that he wishes that he never had. Unfortunately, Kevin does not know the real importance of it, or he does not consider it important as the rest of the family members. It is because, even after he learns that he is alone, to him feels like an absolute relieves from his bullying family. Kevin finds his house a difficult place to leave because of his other siblings and cousins too. Kevin is bullied by almost in the house. For instance, he feels that his cousins are bullying him making him do things he does not want to do. On the other hand, Kevin was forced to stay in his bedroom because his brother and he had an argument. In this case he feels bullied. Another theme that evolves the entire movie is the aspect of injustice. For instance, Kevin is forced to go to his bedroom that is on the third floor. He feels that he is not treated equally as the other members of the

Growth Impact of Major Sporting Events Research Paper - 3

Growth Impact of Major Sporting Events - Research Paper Example The focus of this research is to, â€Å"Critically evaluate the awarding of the Football World Cup hosting to the emerging markets of the world.† The research problem has been formulated with respect to the emerging markets. This has presented a huge scope of research and analysis in the paper. In order to address the research problem, the frequency in how the governing body of international football has awarded the hosting of the Football World Cup to the emerging markets have been reviewed. A background study on the mission, vision, and goals of the international governing body namely Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) has been carried out (Bob, Swart and Turco, 2006, p.58). Considering the goals and objectives of the organization, the various factors that have influenced the aspect of voting in favor of the emerging markets have been determined in this research paper. The critical evaluation of FIFA’s decision in awarding emerging markets with the hosting rights of the Football Cup has been determined to the extent to which the goals and objectives of the governing body have been fulfilled with this decision (Baade and Matheson, 2004, p.353). The research problem also established the fairness of the World Cup Bidding Process and the basis of FIFA Executive Committee’s decision in awarding the Football World Cup hosts to the developing countries. In order to analyze the research problem, the positive and the negative impacts on the emerging economies as a result of hosting the World Cup event have been determined.

To what extent does states can to cooperates from realists perspective Essay

To what extent does states can to cooperates from realists perspective - Essay Example In the modern world, a bunch of subjects compete for attention as a result of the proliferation of issues that every international relations theory seeks to acknowledge (Jan, 2008, p 473; Brown, 1998, p 26). There are three prominent theories that endeavor to explain international relations and cooperation. These are the realism theory, constructivism theory and the liberal theory. This discussion seeks to explore the extent in which countries can cooperate from a realist’s perspective. Cooperation of most states arises in a realist manner where countries unite at the face of adversity. When countries perceive an increasing threat that may interfere with their interests, they collaborate momentarily. For instance, some of the Gulf States joined hands with Saudi Arabia at the looming threat of conflict between Iraq and Iran. As a GCC member state, Saudi Arabia was concerned that some small states may collaborate with either Iran or Iraq, both of which are its adversaries. Saudi Arabia reached for the smaller Gulf States to unite momentary to counter the regional hegemony wars involving Iraq and Iran. Further, cooperation between member states happens when the six states making up the GCC perceive a common interest in the cooperation. Cooperation of the member states happens mostly on economic basis. It is for that reason that there exists fluid cooperation on other aspects affecting individual states. Cooperation in a realist world happens when states have great interest in two principal areas; security and economics. What is realism? Realism theory of international relations views world politics as being advanced by competing self interests. Proponents of realism theory observe that the tensions and relations between countries is a battle of supremacy in which every country wants to preserve and enhance its military security and economic welfare at the expense of other nations. Unlike the liberal theory, that views international relations as a win-win si tuation, realist theory perceives international relations as a zero-sum game. This implies that gains in one nation come at the cost of others (Gismondi, 2008). Conventional realism stemmed from the failure to maintain peace after world war one. Realist theory is linked with terms such as realpolitik, geopolitics and balance of power. Realism theory presents grim view of global relations as being in a unending state of conflict and war. Power, economic and material possessions, capabilities and security motivate and guide state more than humanity and altruism values. Modern realism Modern realism started as a reaction to the breakdown of the international order of the post world war one in 1930s. The collapse of great power cooperation after the Second World War helped form realism as the dominant approach to the premise and application of global politics in the United States. During the cold war, endeavors to replace realism from its prevailing position were continuously disillusio ned by the unending salience of the soviet-America antagonism. The cold war antagonism, however, ended in early 1990s after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, leaving United States as the key superpower. However, china is emerging as a superpower, countering the United States unipolar moment. Basic tenets of realism theo

Lighting Designer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lighting Designer - Assignment Example Set designer shows lighting designer his plan with the placement of objects on the scene. It is important to elaborate common view on the lighting on this stage and choose relevant equipment. It is possible to prevent possible problems in this phase as well. The lighting designer has to collaborate with all team in order to interpret the play right and help other designers to create common â€Å"look† of performance. The specialists constantly share their ideas and impressions from preparation. The work of lighting designer is completed by the very performance, and the light crew makes everything during the play under his control. Lighting designer uses specific instruments in his work and prepares a number of materials needed for production. He prepares some sketches and photos of the scenes with different types of lighting which serve various purposes. He elaborates lighting plot in which he indicates every lighting fixture to be utilized along with the general view of the stage. An equipment schedule which is created in the form of a list in which all the instruments that will be used during the staging are mentioned along with the circuits they will be connected. A cue sheet will help the lighting designer to understand what type of light, color, intensity, and prolongation will be used during the performance. The intensity of lighting is the means of creating the time of the day and the focus on the object. Intense light in complete darkness will attract viewers` attention to an actor when he is saying an important monologue or create haze and dim. The lighting designer works with direct and indirect light which come from various sources. The lighting designer operates with four light properties to create some specific atmosphere and mood: Lighting color is created with special filters and gels. Lighting colors give the opportunity to a designer to emphasize some element of the costume or a piece of scenery, make the accent on the actor`s face; The intensity of lighting is the means of creating the time of the day and the focus on the object. Intense light in complete darkness will attract viewers` attention to an actor when he is saying an important monologue or create haze and dim when it is appropriate; Distribution of lighting creates an illusion of lighting coming through various objects such as leaves of the trees; Lighting movement coordinates all the above-mentioned parameters allowing to change them from scene to scene. So the work of lighting designer consists of adjusting the light to the staging requirements and collaborating with other specialists to make a general look of performance.      

Milk Vending Machine Essay Example for Free

Milk Vending Machine Essay In March 2006, four friends and alumni of the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras connected from different parts of the globe and started talking. Ajit Narayanan worked as a storage engineer with American Megatrends Inc. In California, Aswin Chandrasekaran was an analyst managing product strategy for Capital One Financial Services Inc. in Washington DC. Adib Ibrahim was doing technology consulting at KPMG in Dubai. And Preetham Shivanna was a software engineer with Infosys Technologies, in Mysore, India. They started talking about their desire â€Å"to build a product-based company that would solve some real problems of India. † By mid 2007, the four were all in Chennai, and had set up shop as Invention Labs. They began by providing services in building electronic systems and designing embedded systems for other companies. They have since made their first foray into building a product ‘Milk Tree,’ a vending machine for milk sachets. The Producer Cooperatives and Supply Chain In India, the supply chain for milk from the dairy farm to the customer has five or six links. First, small dairy farmers, typically owners of one or two cows, deliver milk to the local collection point often located at the village itself. From here it is transported to a Bulk Milk Cooling centre, which is the first point of refrigeration. Next the milk is transported to a processing plant. Processing plants are usually located on the outskirts of towns and cities. A large metro like Chennai has two, catering to the northern and southern neighbourhoods respectively. It is also here at the processing plant that the milk is treated for homogenisation, plus other value addition, like skimming, pasteurisation and so on.. From the processing plant the milk is transported to warehouses in different localities inside the city from where it is supplied to the milk dealers of the city. The final link in this chain is made of the ‘milk boys’ who pick up the milk from the dealer, fill their trolleys full of milk sachets and deliver them on foot, to the customer’s doorstep. Dairy farmers in India are part of cooperative societies supported by the government. At the village level, the dairy farmers form part of a Village Cooperative Society. At the district level, they form a District Producer’s Union. Although the Board of this district level body is composed of farmers, they hire professional managers to run it (this is what differentiates it from the village level organisations). Finally, at the state level, they form a Federation, which is managed by Civil Service government officials. For the district of Ernakulam in the state of Kerala, the numbers are illustrative. There are three District Level Producers Unions and one state-level Federation in the state. The total population impacted by dairy farming in this state is 2400 Village Co-operatives, and about 150,000 families. What Are the Problems? There are several problems associated with this procurement and supply model. The only points in the chain where refrigeration are used are at the Bulk Milk Cooling Centres and the processing plant. This lack of a proper cold chain is the single biggest problem and causes spoilage to the tune of 1% to 3% annually to the cooperatives, directly impacting farmer incomes. To put this in context, annual milk production in India in 2007-08 was approximately 100 million tonnes; losses therefore, amounted to about 1 to 3 million tonnes. The flimsy nature of plastic sachets often results in leakage and further loss of milk by the time it reaches the customer. Under the current supply system, the customer pays an additional Rs. 0.80-1.50 as delivery cost. Also, since the milk boys have limited carrying capacity, the customer places an order at the beginning of the month, for how many sachets should be delivered every morning. He or she does not have the option of purchasing an extra sachet or two, in cases of sudden need. The cooperatives also lose out to private players who offer better margins to milk dealers at the cities. These dealers then tend to push private brands, thus further eroding profits for the cooperatives. The Solution: an Innovative Milk Vending Machine To solve these problems, the four friends at Invention Labs have built an innovative machine that vends milk sachets. This was after they conducted an extensive study of vending machine designs and their suitability to local conditions. Existing machines all operated on a coiled spring mechanism, which proved to be unsuitable for the amorphous nature and flimsiness of plastic milk sachets. Invention Labs’ vending machine uses a unique mechanism to dispense one milk sachet at a time, in a clean and predictable manner. The machine has a two-dimensional grid of columns which hold a total of 120 milk sachets (each sachet contains 500 ml). Using their experience in developing embedded systems, they have built a special encoder, which enables the individual control of all the columns, using just two actuators. As a result of this innovative design, the team has been successful in building a specialised milk vending machine that is at least half the sale price of existing vending machines in the market. Further, as Preetham mentioned, â€Å"all components are over-designed at the moment†, since they are in first stages of product launch. With further selection of appropriate material, design work, and mass production, the team is certain that they can bring down the cost further. Invention Labs has got its first order for seven vending machines from a dairy cooperative based in the state of Kerala. The business model that they plan to implement with soft funding from the Lemelson Recognition Mentoring Programme (L-RAMP) is to install such machines in apartment complexes and housing colonies. The cooperative will be provided the option of either purchasing these machines or paying rent to Invention Labs. The cooperative will be responsible for loading the machines every day with milk. All purchases by apartment dwellers will be smart card-based and cashless. Invention Labs will be responsible for installation, servicing, and maintenance. How do Different Players Benefit? Customers will have milk available at their doorstep 24 hours a day. They would no longer need to pay extra money for delivery and would be able to purchase as much or as little milk as they need. Since the milk will be stored at 6-8 degrees centigrade, these machines can ensure better hygiene than the previous supply model. The Cooperatives, by directly placing their product at the customer’s doorstep, can fight competition from private dairies, and especially target the evening market, which is currently being taken over by private players. The maintenance of milk at the optimal temperature means they will suffer reduced losses. The potential benefit for the small dairy farmer at the village level is increased earnings, due to reduction in milk loss caused by spoilage. Cooperatives share profits with farmers through dividends. Typically, the farmer gets approximately 41% of the profits, through such dividends trickling down from the federation to district, to village level. Obviously, this figure (in terms of real income to the individual) will vary a lot from one farmer to the next depending on the number of cows, yield, input costs etc. Thus, increased profits for the cooperative – remember losses run to the tune of several million tonnes each year – will eventually flow back to the primary producer. Future Challenges The fact that the demand for a specialised milk vending machine actually came from the Kerala milk cooperative is an indicator of the stark need for such vending technology. The primary question to be answered is if the economics of the milk vending model will work out and make it viable for the consumer and the cooperative investing in it. Invention Labs is already looking at innovative ideas like selling advertising space on the machines, and having FM radio channels on it, to increase sources of revenue. They might also offer other value added products like yoghurt and flavoured milk. The business model has an inherent risk in that the company will install the machines on a rental basis, thus facing default risks and unforeseen operational costs. The smart card and recharging systems have to be built and trialled. Apartment dwellers have to adopt the new system of purchasing milk from vending machines, and while they have patented the design, there is always the danger of others copying it. These and more questions will be answered over the next few months as the machines are installed and start vending milk packets. But, with such bright and committed minds working on the problem, one cannot but feel sanguine that a technological solution to India’s milk supply challenges is close at hand.

Conflict Management Plan Essay Example for Free

Conflict Management Plan Essay Competing The strength maybe that one person will see the benefits.The weakness will be that the other person in the issue will not benefit the same or at all at the other person in the situation and does not consider the other in the situations. Collaborating The strength is when both parties involved in the issue propose to solve the problem by discussing the differences rather than by accommodating, therefore they benefit from the results.The weakness maybe if both parties agree to re solve the issue but cannot discuss the differences in their issues. Avoiding The strength is when the parties try to move on from the issue and not cause a big deal over it.The weakness maybe that by dismissing the issue; it will never get resolved. Accommodating The strength is when one party involve is willing to be the bigger person and let the other party involve win the situation, in order to keep the peace.The weakness maybe that the person who is willing to let the other win the issue. They will never resolve the issue between them and it is possible that it can be brought up in another situation. Compromising The strength can be that the issue will be solved and both parties neither win nor lose.The weakness maybe that both parties have to give up something in order for the issue to be resolved. Also, both parties to the issue will have incomplete satisfaction. 2.Which of the available conflict management strategies is most appropriate for the current situation with David and James? Provide your rationale, including what factors you considered in making your selection. Your response should be at least 100 words. In James and David situation, the most appropriate conflict management strategy will be the Collaborating and Compromising strategy. According to Robbins and Judge (2011), collaborating is when both individuals involved are in the agreement to solve the conflict in order to make each individual involved happy. It is believed that David and James should talk about the issue and try get to the bottom of where the issue or conflict began. Therefore, when James and David come to an agreement to collaborate and solve the issue, both can be happy with the outcome because not one or the other made the choice alone; it was a team effort. In addition, using the compromising strategy has some similar effects to the collaborating strategy, however, in this case there is no win or lose situation. Both James and David will have to compromise in making a decision in which will not benefit them both, but it will solve the issue. 3. If the selected strategy is not successful, what is your alternate strategy? Provide your rationale for this selection. Your response should be at least 100 words. In James and David situation if the first strategies do not work, the second appropriate conflict management strategy would be to use the accommodating strategy. Robbins and Judge (2011) states that, accommodating is when individual involved in the conflict put the best interest of the other party before themselves. This strategy may be tricky because in order for this to work, David or James will have to make a choice to put the other person in front of themselves. As a result, this strategy can strengthen James and David friendship because they will see that no matter what, one of them is willing to accommodate the other in order to keep the peace. 4.What potential road blocks might be encountered in resolving the conflict? How would you address these? Your response should be at least 100 words. 5. In James and David Situation the potential road blocks that might be encountered are communication, structure and personal variable. Robbins and Judge (2011) states that, communication, structure and personal variables my not directly lead to conflict however they are necessary in order for conflict to arise. When there is not communication between to individuals problems will arise. Moreover, I would address the issue by using one of the conflict resolution strategies such as the collaborating. I would set James and David to communicate with each other and discuss the issue and try to resolve it amongst each other. Hope the outcomes between both individual is to resolve the conflict. Reference Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational behavior (14th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. University of Phoenix. (2012). University of Phoenix Material: Conflict Management Plan Plan. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, MGT/311 ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT website. University of Phoenix. (2012). Riordan Manufacturing Virtual Organization [Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, MGT/311 Organizational Development website.

Optimism Essay

Optimism Essay Man often becomes what he believes himself to be. If I keep on saying to myself that I cannot do a certain thing, it is possible that I may end by really becoming incapable of doing it. On the contrary, if I have to believe that I can do it, I shall surely acquire the capacity to do it even if I may not have it at the beginning Mahatma Gandhi. What does this statement mean? It actually means that you are what you believe you are. This statement can be applied to optimism that thinking more positive can lead you to be happier and healthier. But what is optimism? And is that true that optimism can make you feel happy and healthy? Well, optimism or positive thinking is the word means best which comes from Latin word optimus. Optimism also describes how optimists are always looking for the best in every situation and hoping and expecting and seeing that things will turn out well in the future. Even if some bad situation occurs, they will look at that situation as the experience. The experience which helps them not to do the same mistake over again. And yes! It is true that optimism can make you feel happier and healthier. There is the study of Martin Seligma supporting the idea that optimists are happier and healthier by showing that they tend to take care of their health, to build better social network and to face the difficu lty without any worries. I have said so much about the definition and some research, so now lets take a look at the benefits of it. There are so many advantages of being optimist and the majority advantage is about health. How can optimism make your health healthier? I have an answer for you! According to the study of Seligma, it showed that 99 Harvard University Students who were optimist at age 25 were significantly healthier at age of 45 to 60 than those who were pessimists once. The second advantage is the persistence- the persistence of your life. Because optimists do not give up easily on tough situation like pessimists do, so they tend to turn the failure to opportunity to achieve their goals. Once they know that they do something wrong, they will learn from that and they will not let that happen again. The last one is less stress. As you may know that stress can affect your daily lifestyle, your health, your disposition, and your efficiency. On the other word, stress is bad for yourself. Well being optimist may help you get through all that stuffs because optimists believe in themselves and their abilitie s, they expect good things to happen. They see negative events as minor setbacks which is easily to overcome. They see positive events as evidence of further good things to come. It is shown that optimists are more proactive with stress management and work harder at it, so that is why they are less stress than pessimists. Now you all know about the benefits of optimism, so lets move on to some famous optimist Dalai Lama to give you some guideline about being optimist person. Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people who believes that mental, physical, and spiritual health are connected to optimistic attitude. How? He has said that when some disastrous situation happens, the most important thing is how you look at that problem. Negative? Or positive? If you look at it as negative, then when the negative emotions are fully developed, you will become their slave, and you will have bad attitude toward every situation. If you look at it as positive, it means that there is still hope in that disastrous situation. If you look at it as positive , then you will cheer yourself up not to give up, not to fear, to move on, to fight, to feel good. Thus there is still hope in every situation only if you look at it as the positive or as experience or as lesson to guide you to a better future. From Dalai Lamas teaching, he actually indicates clearly that if you have positive mind or thinking, your life will be easier to move on. Now I am going to tell you some ideas of how to be optimist yourself. Being optimist is not hard to do at all. Also the result of it is the treasure in your life. The very first thing you have to know about being optimist is that being optimist does not mean ignoring the problem, but it means hoping that things will change to be a better one in the future. So here are some ideas for you to follow. First idea is to find opportunity in every difficulty. What does it mean? It means that what you are dealing with might be difficult, but it is important to remain hopeful and positive about a brighter in that difficulty. Second idea is to surround yourself with positive people because the circumstances matter! If youre surrounded by negative people, there is a highly chance of you to be negative people. So being surrounded by positive people is much more make sense to increase your chance of being positive. Third idea is to inspire yourself with smile and positive reminders. If expect worst, the worst will happen. But if you smile, you will feel so much better. So what you have to do is just put smile on your face more often and that will make you happy! Also you may need to remind yourself that you are positive by noting some quote that cheer you up like anything is possible or I always have a choice. It really helps! The last one is to focus on the present and reject the past. You have to learn to face and to live with the present moment. The present moment that you are in right now. The moment present that is guaranteed you. And that is all I have to talk about the being optimist. Being optimist is giving you a huge amount of advantage in terms of being happier, being healthier, having less stress or reducing the tendency of getting some dangerous disease. Furthermore, being optimist is not that hard to do. You do not have to force yourself to do it all, just try to do it as best as you can, and you will see the result of it. So I hope you all might be thinking about being optimist in order to have better life, better attitude toward everything by taking those ideas that I told you about. Thank you. Nonie

Lifes Many Obstacles - Catcher :: essays research papers

Life’s Many Obstacles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In J. D. Salinger’s â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† the protagonist, Holden, is faced with many obstacles. Like most tragic heroes, he is a man who is reasonably happy at the beginning of the tragedy, but as the tragedy develops, some failure in his personality begins to affect events, so that his progress is a movement from happiness to misery. The ultimate misery results from his final awareness of his personalities limits or failures. Much of Holden’s misery is a result of his inability to successfully handle particular problems regarding adolescence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden’s loneliness and overall low self-esteem are the primary adolescent motivaters for his breakdown. Holden’s general need for female companionship leads him to a reasonably accurate self-analysis: he thinks that he is the â€Å"biggest sex maniac you ever saw,† but later admits that he really doesn’t understand sex or know much about it. Holden, however, finds himself feeling rather â€Å"horny† and decides to call upon the service of Faith Cavendish. She â€Å"wasn’t exactly a whore or anything but she didn’t mind doing it once in a while...† Holden feels this experience will thrust him into what he considers the adult world. The conversation with Faith was a long one but inevitably led to nothing. An incursion into the adult world, or what Holden considers it to be, had been thwarted. In part, the failure happens because he doesn’t really know the rules, and also because loneliness is not a subs titute for experience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Habitual lying is a trait not only found in adolescence but also in people of all ages. It is sometimes generated from a lack of self-esteem, boredom and self-preservation. Holden exaggerates many truths not out of a conscious decision to deceive, but rather to lend emphasis to facts he is unsure of as when he states, â€Å"Pencey Prep advertises in about a thousand magazines.† However, Holden also has no convictions against telling outright untruths if he can come out for the better on the other side of the exchange. â€Å"I’m the most terrific liar you ever saw in your life. It’s awful. If I’m on my way to the store to buy a magazine, even, and somebody asks me where I’m going, I’m liable to say I’m going to the opera. It’s terrible. So when I told old Spencer I had to go to the gym to get my equipment and stuff, that was a sheer lie.

Lena Horne Essay -- Essays Papers

Lena Horne Lena Horne was born on June 30, 1917 in Brooklyn, New York. Her parents were Teddy and Edna Scottron Horne. After her father left her at the age of two in order to pursue his gambling career; her mother leaving soon after that to pursue her acting career; she went to live with her grandparents. Through her grandparents influence she became involved with organizations like the NAACP, at an early age. In 1924 she went back to live with her mother, traveling and being schooled all over the state until she was fourteen. At the age of fourteen she decided to drop out of school and go to work. Because she was talented and light skinned it was not hard for her to find a job. She became a chorus girl in Harlem’s Cotton Club where blacks entertained a strictly all white crowd. At that time she was making about $25 a week. It was here that Lena got to meet and observe now famous artists such as Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Count Basie, Ethal Waters, and Billie Holiday. At the age of nineteen she met and married Louis Jones. Together they had two children Gail and Teddy (who later died in 1970 from kidney failure). While trying to get used to raising a family and having a career, she received a call from an agent, who had seen her at the Cotton Club, about a part in a movie. Her controlling husband allowed her to be in â€Å"The Duke is Tops† and also the musical revue â€Å"Blackbirds of 1939." When she finally got up the courage to leave Louis, he deiced to take her son away from her. She lost custody of Teddy when the divorce was final and has always regretted not fighting harder for her son. After her divorce she began singing with Noble Sissie’s Society Orchestra. Through out their tour she had to endure harsh racism having to sleep in tenement boarding houses, the bus and even once in circus grounds. Soon after that, she toured with Charlie Barnet’s Outfit and became the first African American to tour with an all white band. She was their feature singer and considers this to be the beginning of her success. Lena decided to head out to Hollywood and see what she could do out there. She began singing in the Trocadero Club where she met one of the most influential people in her life: Billy Strayhom. Billy Strayhom was the chief music-writer for Duke Ellington. Lena has always felt that she and he were soul mates, d... ...becoming the first Africa American to tour with an all white band and also the first African American women to sign a long-term contract with a major film studio. She was also an accomplished jazz singer. Recording songs such as: â€Å"The Lady and Her Music† and â€Å"The Best Things in Life Are Free.† Lena was a strong advocate of equal rights. he was a member of the NAACP, the National Council of Negro women and the Urban League. I think that she is a great pioneer of equal rights because she did it on her own terms and was not as forceful as some of the other advocates. She achieved equal rights and respect because of her grace, elegance and talent. Bibliography Magazines: Lena Town & Country, September ‘95, Vol. 149 issue 5184, page 128. Author: Jonathan Schwartz The Lady Lived The Blues Biography, February ‘98, Vol. 2 issue 2, page 62 Author: Beverly Lauderdale Lena Horne, Timeless as Ever Billboard, June ‘98, Vol. 110 issue 25, page 36 Author: Philip Booth Web Pages: www.amctv.com/behind/stars/horne.html www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000006Q62/afrciangenesis www.geocities.com/BourbonStreet/Delta/6424

Nature of Business: Genting Group Essay

Nature of Business Genting Group has twenty six years of experience in developing, operating and marketing casinos and integrated resorts in different parts of the world. It is the Malaysia’s leading corporation and one of Asia’s best multinational companies. Genting’s main niche market is leisure and hospitality services integrated in resorts. Genting’s first integrated resort is the Resort World Genting, formerly known as Genting Highlands Resort. The resorts and casino properties in Malaysia are ; * Resort World Genting, Malaysia * Genting International Convention Centre, Malaysia * Awana Genting Highlands Golf & Country Resort, Malaysia * Awana Kijal East Cost Golf, Beach &Spa Resort, Malaysia * Awana Langkawi, Spa & Island Resort, Malaysia. These integrated resorts are among the most popular destination for local and foreign tourist. In this facilities, Genting had provide casinos, hotels, theme park, concert show, Food & Beverages, retail shopping, golfing, cable car terminal and many outdoor activities such as eco-sport, jungle trekking, abseiling, mountain biking, and horse riding. In Resort World Genting, Malaysia for example, there are five hotels with more than 8000 rooms, 50 fun rides, over 200 dining and retail outlets, mega shows and business convention facilities. The five hotels are; * Maxims Genting * Highland Hotels * Theme Park Hotel * Resort Hotel * First World Hotel Until now, Genting had expand and diversified their market into many other product and services line includes plantation, properties, power generator, oil & gas, e-commerce, information technology, biotechnology and cruise liner. * Genting Power Generator * Operated by Genting Sanyen Power Sdn Bhd in Kuala Langat station. It supplies electricity to Tenaga Nasional Berhad, Malaysia, under a 21-year power purchase agreement. The first and only thermal power plant to provide  its own water supply and to supply steam to another industry. * Genting Plantation * Had oil palm plantation which spearheaded by Genting Plantations Berhad. Started since 1980 when they acquired Rubber Trust Group which owned 13,700 hectares of plantation land in Peninsular Malaysia. Further acquisition were made and acquire land banks and oil palm mills. Now Genting have a total milling capacity of 255 tonnes per hour. * Genting Properties * Genting’s initial primary objective is holding land based assets for long term appreciation and develops potential to the current strategic move to expand and market the Group’s landed properties. Genting began the project at Genting Highland Resort developing 83-unit Kayangan Apartment. The project was followed by the launch of 428-unit Ria Apartment and luxurious 320-unit Awana Condominium. Promoting Services and Educating Customer Genting had run many initiatives in their promotion of services and product lines. They are taking steps in educating customer effectively as a proof, everyone in this country knows about Genting and its services and product line. The sales and marketing department had outlined their responsibilities in ensuring to educate the customer more effectively and in promoting services. Firstly, the responsibilities of the sales and marketing department are; * Research, analyze and plan business strategies to achieve set goals and develop new ideas to secure more business/arrivals from new and existing target countries; * Constantly develop new action plans to counter competitive market environment; * Proactively drive and develop new business development opportunities, including new trends and new markets; * Market information provider to our various business units both local & overseas; * Able to effectively monitor all business plans and its success reporting; * To assist Awana marketing on evaluation coordination and execution of all advertising, plans and activities; * To assist Awana sales in ensuring all overseas arrivals are well coordinated and accounted; * To assist AVP on all road shows’ products presentations and programmes; * To provide feedbacks on sales and marketing activities  in various countries and markets to AVP on weekly and monthly basis; The list above shows how Genting had ensure that their services promotion mainly in leisure and hospitality will run effectively and could attract more customer thus increase sales. Genting’s promotion considered success referred to the annual reports published each year. In running promotion, Genting had used many mediums for advertisement such as: * Pamphlets * Blog * Website * Television * Social networking sites (eg; Facebook) * Radio Besides that, in empowering their promotion, Genting had also work with TOURISM Malaysia to raise their brands as one of the most popular tourist destination in Malaysia. Genting also had join promotion with the transportation company like Bus Company to attract more customers. They make the tourists’ trips to be more convenience by offering transport from the bus company and tour guides that will guide the tourist around the resort. Promotion had been done exclusively and excessively yet cost effective and successful. References * Genting Highlands Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/gentinghighland) * TOURISM Pahang official website http://www.pahangtourism.org.my/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99&Itemid=188 * The Genting Malaysia Berhad (http://www.gentingmalaysia.com/default.htm) * The Genting Plantation (http://www.gentingplantations.com/)

Native Son character Essay

The protagonist and main character of Native Son is Bigger Thomas. He is the focus of the novel and the embodiment of its main idea–the effect of racism on the mental state of its black victims. Richard Wright’s exploration of Bigger’s psychological corruption gives us a perspective on the effect that racism had on the black population in 1930s America. Some critics of Native Son have questioned the effectiveness of Bigger as a character. For instance, the famous black writer James Baldwin has considered Bigger as too narrow to represent the full scope of black experience in America, but I believe he is a powerful and disturbing symbol of black rage. As a 20-year-old black man cramped in a Chicago South Side apartment with his family, Bigger has lived a life defined by the fear and anger he feels toward whites. Bigger is limited by the eighth-grade departure from school, and by the racist real estate practices that forced him to live in poverty. Furthermore, he is subjected to messages from a popular culture that portrays whites as civilized and sophisticated and blacks as barbaric and subservient. Racism has severely reduced Bigger’s opportunities in life and even his conception of himself. He is ashamed of his family’s poverty and afraid of the whites who control his life–feelings he works hard to keep hidden, even from himself. When these feelings overwhelm him, he reacts with violence. â€Å"These were the rhythms of his life: indifference and violence; periods of abstract brooding and periods of intense desire; moments of silence and moments of anger–like water ebbing and flowing from the tug of some far-away, invisible force.† (31) Bigger robs people with his friends–though only other blacks, as the gang is too frightened to rob a white man–but his own violence is often directed at these friends as well. Bigger sees white people as an overpowering and hostile force that is set against him in life. Just as whites fail to conceive of Bigger as an individual, he does not really distinguish between individual whites–to him, they are all the same, frightening and untrustworthy. Bigger feels little guilt after he accidentally kills Mary, the daughter of his white employers. In fact, he feels for the first time as though his life actually has purpose and meaning. Mary’s murder makes him believe that he has the power to assert himself against whites. Wright goes out of his way to show  that Bigger is not a conventional protagonist, as his brutality and capacity for violence are extreme, especially in graphic scenes such as the one in which he decapitates Mary’s corpse in order to stuff it into the furnace. Wright does not present Bigger as a hero to admire, but as a frightening and disturbing character created by racism. Wright’s point is that Bigger becomes a brutal killer because the dominant white culture fears that he will become a brutal killer. Wright emphasizes this vicious cycle of racism: though Bigger’s violence stems from racial hatred, it only increases the racism in American society, as it confirms racist whites’ basic fears about blacks. In Wright’s depiction, whites effectively transform blacks into their own negative stereotypes. Only when Bigger meets Max, his white, communist lawyer, does Wright offer any hope of breaking this cycle of racism. Through interaction with Max, Bigger begins to perceive whites as individuals. Only when sympathetic understanding exists between blacks and whites will they be able to see each other as individuals, not merely as members of a stereotyped group. After he meets Max and learns to talk through his problems Bigger begins to redeem himself, recognizing white people as individuals for the first time and realizing the extent to which he has been affected by racism. Early on in Native Son, Wright describes how Bigger retreats behind a â€Å"wall† to keep the reality of his situation from overwhelming him. This passage from Book Two shows the destructive effects of Bigger’s retreat. â€Å"There was something he knew and something he felt; something the world gave him and something he himself had†¦Never in all his life, with this black skin of his, had the two worlds, thought and feeling, will and mind, aspiration and satisfaction, been together; never had he felt a sense of wholeness.† (225) He is isolated not only from his friends and family, but from himself as well. It seems that the black psyche is always divided. Bigger’s mind is split in two, leaving him unable to interact with others and unable to understand himself. It is this quest for wholeness that dominates Bigger’s  life. Tragically, it is not until he has murdered two women and is soon to be executed that he is able to understand and grasp this wholeness. He is thrilled by his new realization, yet tormented by the fact that it comes too late, when he has only precious little time left to live.

Negotiations for Managers Essay

(1 – 50 are worth 1.2 points a piece) 1. Which is not a characteristic of a negotiation or bargaining situation? A)conflict between parties B)two or more parties involved C)an established set of rules D)a voluntary process E)None of the above is a characteristic of a negotiation. 2. Which of the following is not an intangible factor in a negotiation? A)the need to look good B)final agreed price on a contract C)the desire to book more business D)fear of setting a precedent E)All of the above are intangible factors. 3. Interdependent parties’ relationships are characterized by A)interlocking goals. B)solitary decision making. C)established procedures. D)rigid structures. E)Interdependent relationships are characterized by all of the above. 4. Satisfaction with a negotiation is determined by A)the process through which an agreement is reached and the dollar value of concessions made by each party. B)the actual outcome obtained by the negotiation as compared to the initial bargaining positions of the negotiators. C)the process through which an agreement is reached and by the actual outcome obtained by the negotiation. D)the total dollar value of concessions made by each party. E)Satisfaction with a negotiation is determined by none of the above. 5. Which of the following statements about conflict is true? A)Conflict is the result of tangible factors. B)Conflict can occur when two parties are working toward the same goal and generally want the same outcome. C)Conflict only occurs when both parties want a very different settlement. D)Conflict has a minimal effect on interdependent relationships. E)All of the above statements about conflict are true. 6. Which of the following contribute to conflict’s destructive image? A)increased communication B)misperception and bias C)clarifying issues D)minimized differences; magnified similarities E)All of the above contribute to conflict’s destructive image. 7. In the Dual Concerns Model, the level of concern for the individual’s own outcomes and the level of concern for the other’s outcomes are referred to as the A)cooperativeness dimension and the competitiveness dimension. B)the assertiveness dimension and the competitiveness dimension. C)the competitiveness dimension and the aggressiveness dimension. D)the cooperativeness dimension and the assertiveness dimension. E)None of the above. 8. Negotiators pursuing the yielding strategy A)show little interest or concern in whether they attain their own outcomes, but are quite interested in whether the other party attains his or her outcomes. B)pursue their own outcome strongly and shows little concern for whether the other party obtains his or her desired outcome. C)shows little interest or concern in whether they attain their own outcomes, and does not show much concern about whether the other party obtains his or her outcomes. D)show high concern for attaining their own outcomes and high concern for whether the other attains his or her outcomes. E)Negotiators pursuing the yielding strategy demonstrate none of the above behaviors. 9. A situation in which solutions exist so that both parties are trying to find a mutually acceptable solution to a complex conflict is known as which of the following? A)mutual gains B)win-lose C)zero-sum D)win-win E)None of the above. 10. T or F The parties prefer to negotiate and search for agreement rather than to fight openly, have one side dominate and the other capitulate, permanently break off contact, or take their dispute to a higher authority to resolve it 11. T or F When the goals of two or more people are interconnected so that only one can achieve the goal—such as running a race in which there will be only one winner—this is a competitive situation, also known as a non-zero-sum or distributive situation 12. T or f Negotiators do not have to be versatile in their comfort and use of both major strategic approaches to be successful. 13. Distributive bargaining strategies A)are the most efficient negotiating strategies to use. B)are used in all interdependent relationships. C)are useful in maintaining long term relationships. D)can cause negotiators to ignore what the parties have in common. E)None of the above describes distributive bargaining strategies. 14. The objective of both parties in distributive bargaining is to obtain as much of which of the following as possible? A)bargaining range B)resistance point C)target point D)bargaining mix E)None of the above. 15. The resistance point is established by the ____________ expected from a particular outcome, which is in turn the product of the ____________ and ____________ of an outcome. A)cost, value, worth B)value, worth, cost C)value, cost and timeliness D)cost, importance, value E)None of the above. 16. The more you can convince the other that you value a particular outcome outside the other’s bargaining range, the more pressure you put on the other party to set by one of the following resistance points. A)high B)low C)modest D)extreme E)None of the above. 17. T or F The resistance point is the point at which a negotiator would like to conclude negotiations. 18. T or F Each party’s resistance point is openly stated at the conclusion of negotiations. 19. T or F The more you can do to convince the other party that his or her costs of delay or aborting negotiations will be costly, the more likely he or she will be to establish a modest resistance point. 20. T or F Studies indicate that negotiators who make low or modest opening offers get higher settlements than do those who make extreme opening offers. 21. The bargaining range is defined by A)the opening stance and the initial concession. B)the initial round of concessions. C)the bargaining mix and the opening stance. D)the opening offer and the counteroffer. E)The bargaining range is defined by all of the above. 22. Good distributive bargainers will A)begin negotiations with the other party with an opening offer close to their own resistance point. B)ensure that there is enough room in the bargaining range to make some concessions. C)accept an offer that is presented as a fait accompli. D)immediately identify the other party’s target point. E)All of the above are actions that good distributive bargainers will take. 23. What statement about concessions is false? A)Concessions are central to negotiations. B)Concessions is another word for adjustments in position. C)Concession making exposes the concession maker to some risk. D)Reciprocating concessions is a haphazard process. E)All of the above statements are true. 24. Negotiators who make threats A)are perceived as more powerful than negotiators who do not use threats. B)receive higher outcomes than negotiators who do not use threats. C)are perceived as more cooperative in distributive negotiations. D)should use detailed, complex statements of demands, conditions and consequences. E)All of the above describe negotiators who make threats. 25. Hardball tactics are designed to A)be used primarily against powerful negotiators. B)clarify the user’s adherence to a distributive bargaining approach. C)pressure targeted parties to do things they would not otherwise do. D)eliminate risk for the person using the tactic. E)Hardball tactics are designed to accomplish all of the above. 26. The negotiator’s basic strategy is to A)get information about the opposition and its positions. B)reach the final settlement as close to the other’s resistance point as possible. C)convince members of the other party to change their minds about their ability to achieve their own goals. D)promote his or her own objectives as desirable, necessary, and inevitable. E)All of the above. 27. T or F Integrative agreements have been shown to be facilitated when parties exchanged information about their positions on particular issues, but not necessarily about their priorities on those issues. 28. T or F An integrative negotiation problem should be defined as a solution process rather than as a specific goal to be attained. 29. T or F In generating alternative solutions to the problem, groups should also adopt procedures for defining the problem, defining the interests, and generating options, however, to prevent the group process from degenerating into a win-lose competition or a debating event. 30. T or F â€Å"Expanding the pie† as a method of generating alternative solutions is a complex process, as it requires much more detailed information about the other party than do other methods. 31. Which of the following processes is central to achieving almost all integrative agreements? A)moderating the free flow of information to ensure that each party’s position is accurately stated B)exchanging information about each party’s position on key issues C)emphasizing the commonalties between the parties D)searching for solutions that maximize the substantive outcome for both parties E)All of the above processes are central to achieving integrative agreements. 32. In which major step of the integrative negotiation process of identifying and defining the problem would you likely find that if the problem is complex and multifaceted the parties may not even be able to agree on a statement of the problem? A)define the problem in a way that is mutually acceptable to both sides. B)state the problem with an eye toward practicality and comprehensiveness. C)state the problem as a goal and identify the obstacles to attaining this goal. D)depersonalizing the problem. E)separate the problem definition from the search for solutions. 33. Which of the following statements about interests is true? A)There is only one type of interest in a dispute. B)Parties are always in agreement about the type of interests at stake. C)Interests are often based in more deeply rooted human needs or values. D)Interests do not change during the course of an integrative negotiation. E)All of the above statements about interests are true. 34. Successful logrolling requires A)that the parties establish more than one issue in conflict and then agree to trade off among these issues so one party achieves a highly preferred outcome on the first issue and the other person achieves a highly preferred outcome on the second issue. B)no additional information about the other party than his/her interests, and assumes that simply enlarging the resources will solve the problem. C)that one party is allowed to obtain his/her objectives and he/she then â€Å"pays off† the other party for accommodating his/her interests. D)a fundamental reformulation of the problem such that the parties are disclosing sufficient information to discover their interests and needs and then inventing options that will satisfy both parties’ needs. E)Successful logrolling requires all of the above. 35. When confronted with complex problems, or a large number of alternative options, which of the following steps is necessary? A)broaden the range of solution options B)evaluate solutions on the basis of quality, standards, and acceptability C)decide on criteria while evaluating options D)maintain a focus on the influence of tangibles in selecting options E)All of the above steps should be used when confronted with complex problems. 36. In nonspecific compensation A)resources are added in such a way that both sides can achieve their objectives. B)one party achieves his/her objectives and the other’s costs are minimized if he/she agrees to go along. C)the parties are able to invent new options that meet each sides’ needs. D)one person is allowed to obtain his/her objectives and â€Å"pay off† the other person for accommodating his interests. E)All of the above are related to nonspecific compensation. 37. Which guideline should be used in evaluating options and reaching a consensus? A)keep the range of solution options as wide as possible B)evaluate the solutions on the basis of speed and expediency C)keep detailed records throughout the discussion and evaluation process D)be alert to the influence of intangibles in selecting options E)None of the above should be used in the evaluation process. 38. Which of the following is not necessary for integrative negotiation to succeed? A)Each party should be as interested in the objectives and problems of the other as each is in his/her own—each must assume responsibility for the other’s needs and outcomes as well as for his/her own. B)The parties must be committed to a goal that benefits both of them rather than to pursuing only their own ends. C)The parties must be willing to adopt interpersonal styles that are more congenial than combative, more open and trusting than evasive and defensive, more flexible (but firm) than stubborn (but yielding). D)Needs have to be made explicit, similarities have to be identified, and differences have to be recognized and accepted. E)All of the above are essential for integrative negotiation to succeed. 39. Which of the following factors does not contribute to the development of trust between negotiators? A)We are more likely to trust someone we perceive as similar to us or as holding a positive attitude toward us. B)We often mistrust people who are dependent upon us because we are in a position to help or hurt them. C)We are more likely to trust people who initiate cooperative, trusting behavior. D)We are more likely to trust negotiators who make concessions. E)All of the above contribute to the development of trust between negotiators. 40. What are the most critical precursors for achieving negotiation objectives? A)Effective strategizing, planning and preparation B)goal setting and target planning C)defining frames and setting goals D)framing and strategizing E)none of the above 41. Which of the following is not a reason that negotiations fail? A)Allowing insufficient time for planning B)Failing to set clear objectives C)Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of their and the other party’s positions D)Depending on being quick and clever during negotiations 42. A strong interest in achieving only the relationship outcomes suggests one, if any, of the following strategies. Which one? A)competitive B)accommodation C)collaborative D)avoidance E)none of the above 43. Getting to know the other party and understanding similarities and differences represents what key step in the negotiation process: A)preparation B)information gathering C)relationship building D)information using E)None of the above 44. What is the dominant force for success in negotiation? A)a distributive vs. integrative strategy B)the planning that takes place prior to the dialogue C)the discussions that precede planning sessions D)the tactics selected in support of strategic goals E)all of the above 45. Does any of the following represent the point at which we realistically expect to achieve a settlement? A)specific target point B)resistance point C)alternative D)asking price E)none of the above 46. If the other party has a strong and viable alternative, he/she will A)be dependent on achieving a satisfactory agreement B)appear aggressive and hostile in negotiations C)set and push for high objectives D)have unlimited negotiating authority E)all of the above 47. Under which of the following questions of protocol would you find a bargaining relationship discussion about procedural issues that should occur before the major substantive ones have been raised? A)What agenda should we follow? B)Where should we negotiate? C)What is the time period of the negotiation? D)What might be done if negotiation fails? E)How will we keep track of what is agreed to? 48. T or F If what we want exceeds what the other party is capable of or willing to give, we must either change our goals or end the negotiation. 49. T or F If both substance and relationship outcomes are important, the negotiator should pursue a competitive strategy. 50. T or F Alternatives are very important in both distributive and integrative processes because they define whether the current outcome is better than any other possibility. (51 – 54 are worth 10 points a piece) 51. Name the four levels of conflict that are commonly identified. Explain how conflict is a potential consequence of interdependent relationships. 52. What characteristics of original offer, opening stance and opening concession would signal a position of firmness? Of flexibility? What are the advantages of adopting a flexible position? 53. What tactics can be used to communicate firm flexibility to an opponent? In addition, what guidelines should be used in evaluating options and reaching a consensus? 54. Research by Greenhalgh suggests there are seven key steps to an ideal negotiation process. Which of the Greenhalgh seven steps of negotiation do Asian negotiators spend a great deal of time on? Why is this so important?

Cause and Effect About Students Attendance

There are many types of students in terms of attendance, reactivity with class activity and submitting assignment. In this topic we are only interested in students who usually attend and they are divided into three groups, the first is students who arrive before the lecture begins, the second, which I think is the best, are students who arrive on the time of starting the lecture, the third are puncture students who arrive after the beginning of the class disturbing students and lecturer. In this essay we are going to look at each group's positive and negative sides and what advantages they have. First type of students is the type who wants to get early to classes. This type of students will have to break their sleep and what may be a nice dream just to be there a few minutes earlier. However he will have good advantages, the first is that they can relax on their breakfast with a cup of tea or coffee. The second is they will not have to rush on their way to the university and will not face a lot of crowd if the lecture is during early morning. Finally, students who get early to classes will have enough time to review the previous lecture which may result in better understanding for the next one. The second type of students is students who get to classes on time. They and students who get early will be able to freely choose their seats. They also will be able to catch almost all information their instructor says. However they will not be as relaxed as students who come early. The last type is students who come late to classes. The only positive side for them is they can stay late at night because they have decided on coming late which means they do not have to wake up early, nevertheless, they themselves know that what they are doing is wrong but they are just ignoring it. We all know that students who arrive late to classes are over speeding because the moment they realize their state they stop thinking the right way and just focus on getting there with new highest record to avoid any reproach from the instructor and forgetting about the high probability of getting into argument with a cop because of any traffic contravention they did or involving in accident which will keep them even more delayed. When they arrive, they firstly will disturb the other students' attention then, they notice that they have missed a lot of information which may be very important so they will ask students around them and eventually disturbing and cause noise in the class affecting the other students. In my opinion, students who usually arrive to classes on time are the best, because they get many positive points by being in the middle of both sides.

Negotiation Resolution and Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Negotiation Resolution and Conflict - Essay Example However, those with lacklustre performance should be held accountable through their pay. (Pearlstein, 2008) The problem situation began when Chancellor Michelle Rhee proposed to the teachers’ union at Washington D.C. the controversial change in their employment contract. The proposal in essence proposed a higher-pay-for-job-security swap. Teachers will be given the option of earning up to $131,000 within the ten-month school year, but will have to relinquish absolute job security and a personnel-and-pay system based nearly exclusively on years served. The Rhee proposal also includes: protection from arbitrary firings, professional development and support, and a growth model of achievement. But on the negative side, it proposes the removal of grossly incompetent and abusive teachers, and a more stringent evaluation method to gauge teachers’ performance. (Rhee, 2009) While some members of the teachers’ union, such as Washington Teachers’ Union (WTU) President George Parker, and American Federation of Teachers (AFT) leader Randi Weingarten, see the merits behind this proposal, others see it as a deprivation of their right to tenure which they currently enjoy. They also protest the proposed evaluation method as subjective and disadvantageous to teachers. This has caused the controversy, not only between administration and teachers, but also among the ranks of the teachers themselves. (Pearlstein, 2008) On the other hand, it is admitted by researchers that compensation â€Å"based mostly on seniority and formal credentials rather than performance†¦has become untenable, as the teaching profession has changed dramatically over the last few decades.† (Hess and Loup, 2008) Obviously, D.C. Chancellor Rhee is using the carrot-and-stick tactic; higher pay and privileges for well-performing teachers, and sanctions / dismissal for incompetent and abusive teachers. On the teachers’ side there is the realization that

Is it possible to change your sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Is it possible to change your sexuality - Essay Example On a societal level, people-to-people contact must be stressed so that they come in close contact with each other and start understanding the needs and wants of their fellow human beings and thus no question arises when this subject starts to make headlines and the hard liners begin their daily protesting routine, just for the sake of nothing but raising a voice here and pelting stones there. This does not work in life as it mars the spirit of freedom for one and all and invites trouble from all quarters. Empathy must be the way forward in such a case whereby one puts him or her in the other’s (homosexual individual’s) shoe for a moment and start thinking of the problems and difficulties he or she would have to face in the same scenario. This would solve many a problem, as it would generate much more understanding and a sense of attachment with the gays and lesbians of the society. On an individual level, a gay or for that matter a lesbian must understand the commitment he has with the society and he also should know as to how his actions could affect it, both from a positive as well as from a negative point of view. He must avoid the trouble of inviting pressure from the hard liners if he possibly can but if the homosexual feels that it is his right to do whatsoever he wishes then he must do it, in the best manner possible, not only to benefit his own self but also provide comfort and consolation for the other homosexual who agrees to marry the former one. However, one should keep a close and vigilant eye on the pressures he would have to face at the hand of the society and the pressure groups when he decides to carry out the same.

Country music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Country music - Essay Example Darius Rucker is one such artist. He was first recognised due to the role he played in a band from South Carolina called the Hootie and Bowlfish. It was through this band that he became famously known as â€Å"Hootie†. In the late 1900’s, the band sold over a million copies of their album and became some of the country’s favourite country music band (Ratiner, 2009). Going solo for Darius was a strong call for him. He went on to make albums that had hits on the American charts for a long time. Among the albums that place Darius on the map include, Charleston, SC 1966 and Learn to Live. This paper will review two of his albums and evaluate how they help shape society and the music industry. Learn to Live is an album that surpassed the expectations of many of the artist’s fans. The album was mostly written by the artist, and some of his friends. These friends included those from his band who helped him reach the pinnacle of his career. It was during the makin g of this album that many saw Darius for what he was capable of achieving. The top hits that made the album famous include It Won’t Be Like This for Long, Don’t Think I Don’t Think About It, and Alright. The lyrics to some of the songs can readily pass on the message that there should be no regrets as to the way life turned out (Ratiner, 2009).

Specificity and Sensitivity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Specificity and Sensitivity - Essay Example y of a given clinical test refers to the ability of a test to accurately classify those patients with disease while specificity refers to the ability of the test to correctly identify patients without the disease. Consequently, Lovallo et al (2010) noted that specificity and sensitivity are inversely related in that the higher the sensitivity in a test, the lower the specificity of the same test. Therefore, a test having high sensitivity and lower specificity will accurately indicate higher percentage of patients as having a disease while limitedly identifying patients without the disease. Therefore, the use of high sensitivity and lower specificity is best suited in screening a severe but curable disease. On the contrary, the second test with a high specificity and low sensitivity will accurately identify higher percentage of patients without the diseases but inadequately provide information on those patients suffering from the diseases. Therefore, in the case of a deadly disease that is curable, it is essential that clinical tests apply the first test since it will accurately identify a higher percentage of patients having the disease and hence facilitate mitigation of the disease. Prompt and accurate identification of individuals suffering from the disease will enable early detection and issuance of medical treatment. The screening process should hence apply test one. Lovallo, C., Rolandi, S., Rossetti, A., & Lusignani, M. (2010). Accidental falls in hospital inpatients: evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of two risk assessment tools. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 66(3), 690-696.

Ethical Challenges and Choices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Challenges and Choices - Essay Example 5) defined ethics as â€Å"the systematic inquiry into man’s moral behavior with the purpose of discovering the rules that ought to govern human action and the goods that are worth seeking in human life†. These ethical standards governing the existence of human life also encompass the realm of business entities with pertinent issues affecting the Board of Directors and senior leaders of diverse organizations. It is in this regard that this essay is written with the objective of identifying ethical challenges faced by members of the Board of Directors and senior leaders in organizations through a review of two (2) contemporary articles on the subject. A description of how the issues were handled and an analysis in terms of effectiveness in handling the situation given the scenario at hand would be proffered. A feature article published in the Associations Now – Volunteer Leadership Issue entitled Ethical Tips for Volunteer Leaders written by Frank Navran discussed challenging ethical issues on governance by board members in volunteer organizations. It clarified theoretical frameworks encompassing culture, in general, focusing on ethical culture, in detail. Navran averred that â€Å"Boards of even the smallest association are being held to standards of accountability for ethical culture that originated in publicly traded companies; their members and the public appear to expect that.† (2006, par. 16) The author presented relevant elements and measures of how board members contribute to an ethical culture through a standardized ethical system properly set in the organization, an ethics oversight, and an independent assessment of ethical issues. The article stipulated that â€Å"the U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations (FSGO) have detailed and incentivized the establishment of effective systems to prevent and detect legal violations. These standards have become a template for organizational ethics systems for organizations of every size and sector. At a

Care of Creation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Care of Creation - Essay Example This applies to my experience of that hour spent in God’s creation and my renewed appreciation for the Sabbath, an old practice that has gained a new modern dimension. This experience has given me a renewed vision of God, the purpose of my life and of those around me, more especially the people who depend on me for pastoral leadership, and of what I need to do to be more effective as a follower and pastor, of one who leads others to God’s kingdom and who is led by the hand by the Divine Master. My first lesson is that of having gained a deeper understanding of the meaning of the Sabbath, a weekly reminder that God blessed and made holy this day of rest (Bass 78). Being the perfect teacher he is, God laid down in scripture that on the Sabbath day, he rested, not so much to tell us that he got tired from all that creating stuff, because God by definition does not get tired. Rather, God rested to show us how important it is to spend time, slow down, experience moments of t ranquility and peace, and reflect on the important things in life. God in his divine wisdom foresaw how exciting the world would become, and how man and woman would be so caught up with the beauties and riches of this world that we forget why we are alive and how we ever get to be here at all; in a word, to â€Å"remember who we are and what is important† (Bass 88). Just looking around me and reflecting on what I witnessed that Sabbath hour, I remembered those words about Jesus looking at the people around him who went around like sheep without a shepherd, living lives devoid of meaning and purpose. We work so hard to earn money so they can enjoy life, but with the economic difficulties happening all around us, many realize that making both ends meet is not easy. Likewise, we experience that the world, limited and full of evil, only offers limited and imperfect happiness. The second series of lessons proceed from the renewed understanding of the Sabbath. Experiencing the Sabb ath with a deeper and more personal and spiritual meaning made me realize that I too have been engrossed with the worldly dimension of life and even of prayer and worship. I have focused on the means and not the ends, on the form, not the substance, and on the body of faith, not in its soul. Like the religious leaders of whom Jesus warned the people to do what they preach, but not do as they do, I realized that pastors who should lead their flocks to God are focusing too much on â€Å"preaching and teaching† instead of â€Å"leading and living by doing†. Sure, one needs to preach and teach, but the best way to learn is by doing, watching and learning from the example of Jesus himself, who taught by word and example. Like most pastors, I need to hone and develop that dual vision of which Scharen and Volf (97) wrote, of seeing material things and their relation to God, as source, creator, joy, good, gift, talent, the one to which everything leads, to see the invisible Go d in the visible things of the material universe. A more effective pastoral leadership must be characterized by a spiritual life grounded on God through prayer and the imitation of Jesus’ life of sacrifice and love for all souls, even those

Would increasing U.S. economic aid in the [Middle East] region Research Paper

Would increasing U.S. economic aid in the [Middle East] region diminish support for terrorism and anti-American sentiment - Research Paper Example This is where a country that has received foreign aid or is anticipating having their regular installments is bound to be receptive to new ideas. In most cases, this foreign aid functions as a legal bribe. Therefore, if, it is increased it means that people will be more accepting of these new ideas of getting rid of terrorism. However, after the fall of the Soviet Union the US placed itself strategically to implement its views to other countries as a measure, to stop the spread of communism. A telling case is when US sacrificed to give Aid to Russia so that it could not pull out of Chenyanya because  of its significance  in battle against terrorism. This saw the US give eight hundred million dollars to Russia in 1997 and the former nations that were for communism. This is a superb example of how foreign aid can be beneficial in trying to have certain nations sing to the dance of America. The increases of aid will not only help Middle East region accept the new ideas; it will also develop and equip them economicallyii. This will most likely function in diverting their efforts to positive activities that increase their living standards. This is because these terrorist activities come because of boredom due to no employment that can generate money. It is through such circumstances that people from the Middle Eastern seek a leeway out of this by in involving themselves in any activity. This also increases the risk of these people to fall victim of drugs that they believe to reduce their burden. Therefore, the existence of this foreign aid by Americans is sure to help them and minimize on numbers that are being recruited into terrorist groups. Another point is that American is a developed nation with one of the biggest economies and one of the largest populations. iiiThis means that it has many industries to run, people to provide for their needs, and care of its security. More economic aid means that it will function to cater for all these three at the same

An analysis of the culture of an organization Essay - 1

An analysis of the culture of an organization - Essay Example 2- introduction of Apple Inc: Apple Inc. is one of the America’s leading multinational organizations. This company is the leading manufacturer of electronic products as well as softwares. Its key products are Macintosh computers and Apple iPods and iPhones. The Apple Inc. company was established in California in April 1976 with the name â€Å"Apple Computers†. As the company expanded its product range to a variety of consumer electronic products, it dropped the word â€Å"Computers† from its name. Now this company is having more than 35000 employees worldwide. In 2008 Apple Inc. did business of more than US$32. 48 billion. Therefore, fortune magazine has regarded Apple as the most admired company of 2008-2009. Apple Inc.’s first ever product was an Apple 1, which was a handmade computer kit made by the co-founder of Apple, Steve Wozniak. It was not introduced publicly as it was not provided with a good graphical user interface. Steve Jobs, another co-found er, convinced Wozniak to introduce this product as a commercial computer. Therefore first ever computer named Apple 1 was sold in1976. After that it passed through a number of stages of modification and got the shape of today’s Apple Computers which is entirely different from Apple 1. After the launch of Apple1 this company got fame and earned a good business. In mid 1980s Apple faced some critical time because of the launch of Apple Lisa which was flopped badly. Also Mac1 and Newton does not earn a good business and resulted in lowering the shares of the company. In 1985, Steve Jobs left Apple Inc. because of having clashes with the CEO of the company. He joined the company again after 14 years when the company was about to bankrupt and was facing many challenges. He came with the intention to save the company. After his return he introduced new organizational culture. Although the company was following the corporate culture but Steve Jobs applied few modifications to that c ulture in order to save the company. The company was facing a critical time due to a number of reasons caused by bad organizational structure. 3-Schein’s Theoretical Model of Organizational Culture: Schein defined culture as an abstraction in which various forces that are generated as a result of some specific situations that are arising in the organization as a part of culture are much more powerful. If these forces are not interpreted initially then they badly affect the structure of the organization. He explained that the culture of an organization is adopted with the passage of time; it is not the matter of days. Therefore, it plays a very important role in the well being of its structure as well as working. Schein’s theory of organizational culture is defined as (Schein, 2004): â€Å"A pattern of shared basic assumptions that a group has learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, that has worked well enough to be considered valid and therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems.† Schein basically developed a model of organizational culture defined in three levels(Hatch, 1993). Cultural Artifacts: This level is more concerned with the physical behavior

One Sony Analysis Essay Example for Free

One Sony Analysis Essay Sony is Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation with the revenue of US$71.87 billion (FY11). Sonys principal business operations include Sony Corporation (Sony Electronics in the U.S.), Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Computer Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Mobile Communications, and Sony Financial, which are engaged in business through 4 segment: Electronics, Motion picture, Music and Financial services. This conglomerate corporation is known with slogan: â€Å"Sony. Like no other†. Growth from a company with initial capital of US$2000 in Nagoya,Japan in 1946, becomes one of Worldwide Top 20 Semiconductor Sales Leaders, third-largest television manufacturer in the world, after Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, third-largest mobile manufacturer in the world after Samsung Mobile and Apple, but Sony now is in the hard time and in process of recovery. Before the current reorganization, Sony have implemented quite many of reorganization but they seem didn’t work, in the first months of 2012, Sony have been face with foundering TV business and the massive tax charge, that make them lost US$6.4 billion. Come up with the newly strategy â€Å"One Sony† in April 2012, new CEO Kazuo Hirai aims to revitalize and grow the electronics business to create new value, strengthen the core business which are: 1. Strengthen core business: Digital imaging, Gaming, Mobile. 2. Turning around the TV business 3. Expandiing business in emerging markets 4. Creating new business, accelerating innovation 5. Realigning the business portfolio and optimizing recources (Source: http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201204/12-056E/index.html) The new CEO have plan to reorganize the corporate, sell some business, reduce by 10,000 job to have fund for the return of Sony and no information for Sony Financial change. Sony target US$67.42 billion revenue and operating income margin of 5% in its electronics business and sale of US$ 95.51 billion, operating income margin of more than5%, and ROE of 10% for the Sony group overall (FY14). I. Environment analysis: 1. Marco environment: 2.1 Economics: With the globalization, the world now is more â€Å"flat†, allow to customer from  more and more countries can access to foreign products, also it enhanced the production, created more value for human on the world, so the demand of product is expanding rapidly, Sony ‘s products are one of the highest expanding demand products. Although the world economy continues to struggling with post-crisis started from US in 2008 and the global economic growth have weakened further, the world still witness the success in business of big electronics and mobile company such as Apple, Samsung 2.2 Social and demographic: According to UNICEF, the world’s population is 7 billion as the end of 2012 and expected to increase in next 5 years. This means that the demand of all the products will increase along. There are more than 67% of American household play video games, 40% were women and they almost under 25 year old. This show that this form of entertainment is mainstream now in US. The trends are similar in Europe and Japan. The other country market show the optimistic with the rapidly increasing of gamer. The demand of the other electronic entertainment and mobile is clearly growth in the past decade. 1.3.Technological: Coming along with the rapid growth of the Internet is the new services on it such as internet storage (Mediafire, Dropbox, Box.net,†¦.), internet integrate with TV (which is now one of Sony ‘s TV line), internet calls, internet service on mobile,†¦creating wider market and more direction to expand business for Sony. But also there are difficulties for Sony, the margin for technology advancement is now diminishing, which is unfavorable for the pioneer of technology such as Sony. 1.4. Political: As one of the biggest company and contributed significantly for the growth of Japanese economy, Sony have received the back up from Japanese government. For instance, in the last months of 2011, Japanese government provided US$2.6 billion to Sony, Toshiba Ltd and Hitachi Ltd for their plan  to merge their liquid-crystal display operations, in the effort to compete with the rivals from Taiwan and South Korea. 1.5. Legal: Intellectual property as well as commercialization and protection have given the corporation a significant source of comparative advantage. So the macro environment is favorable for Sony to implement it’s new strategy â€Å"One Sony†. 2. The competitive environment: 2.1 The threat of new entrants: The threat of new entrants is low. The electronics industry requires huge capital to build the manufacture, buy the equipments, fund to RD; economics of scale; technology and innovation to produce the produce and create product differentiation. Moreover, the new entrants will meet a lot of difficulties with prevention of the big companies in the industry such as Sony, because these companies have huge capital and power to create a lot of barrier to the new comers and usually buy the new comers if they have potential to gain profit (unique technology, intellectual property,†¦), then turn them as one of the company’s SBU. One thing need to mention also is the legal requirements, to enter the electronics industry, the new entrants are required to obtain approval from the government, which require plenty of high requirements. These make the potential entrant in the low level. 2.2. The bargaining power of buyers: The power of buyers is high. With the access to the internet, the customer can get the information about the product fully, including the price, the hardware, the software, methods of delivery and compare between difference companies to choose the best set for their demand. Moreover, the switching cost from one brand product to another is almost zero, especially in Europe, USA and Japan. Hence, the companies always try to optimize and offer the customer their best set to satisfy the customers to pull them to the company 2.3. The bargaining power of supplier: The power of supplier is low. Sony do not buy the supplements from one supplier but it buy them from the best offer. Like another conglomerate corporation, Sony have their own research centre to create their own product differentiation and avoid from rely on the supplier. 2.4 The intensive of rivalry among competitors in the industry: The competition in electronics industry is high. The product between different brand is not different much, the margin of technology advance is now shorter, the product cycle therefore is shorter too while the cost for RD is more and more higher. 2.5 The threat of substitute products and services: The threat of substitute products and services for electronics industry is low due to the growth quickly of the electronics industry (although it have slower than the period of 1980-2000), there are no type of product and services can compete with electronics nowadays and if it have, the big companies on this industry will the first who have them. So the electronics industrial will not the good for the new players, it just the ground for big player such as Sony, Samsung, Apple, HTC, Nokia,†¦ to compete each other, mainly in the new technology , differentiate their products. 3. Internal environment: According to Value chain analysis mode which devised by Porter(1985), a company have primary activities( inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketingsales, service) and support activities(firm infrastructure, human resources management, technology development, procurement). The analysis below will show the pros and cons of Sony. 4.3 Inbound Logistics: Ability to conduct the various complex in-bound logistics activities well to facilitate smooth operations and productions 4.4 Operations: The religious zeal to innovate coupled with tacit knowledge to build revolutionary products that memorise customers into buying them. The long  tradition and experience will help Sony create the best optimize for its operation. 4.5 Outbound Logistics: Possess the capability to train employees and associates to manage and perform the vast and complex out-bound logistics activities that enhance operations protocol. Moreover, the logistic companies will be the considerable choice for Sony’s logistics activities when needed or to cut-off some activities and concentrate to the main ones. 4.6 Marketing Sales Possession of a world-class marketing acumen and tacit knowledge that has made Sony a global mega brand. 4.7 Services Able to integrate the various resources and functional activities to meet the needs (innovative, quality and reliable) of global customers. 4.8 Infrastructure Finance Possess the necessary physical resources to help generate value-creating competitive advantage as well as a large reserve that can be leveraged to invest in infrastructure to further lower costs. 4.9 Human Resources Able to leverage on financial resources to provide competitive numeration packages and training that help to motivate and insentitives. Staff who shows managerial potential is cultivated to take over leadership posts. With the middle-managements and low level managements, Sony provided the training in management, updating market information, delivery by in-side or out-side â€Å"teacher†. 4.10 Technology Able to leverage on technologies well and ahead of its competitors to create innovative and high quality products, be one of the pioneers on the new high technology products. 4.11 Procurement Possess procurement know-how that leads to quality input at lower costs. With above analysis, we can see Sony have capabilities and advantages to implement a strategy take Sony back to the track and make more and more profits in the years after. II. One Sony strategy: Sony offer different products for different customers, it’s product line is very large with electronics products (video equipment, audio equipment, television, mobile, components), entertainment products( famous PlayStation, games, movie and music). â€Å"One Sony† strategy with key initiative to transform the electronics business are: 1. Strengthen core business: Digital imaging, Gaming, Mobile. 2. Turning around the TV business 3. Expanding business in emerging markets 4. Creating new business, accelerating innovation 5. Realigning the business portfolio and optimizing resources. (Source: http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201204/12-056E/index.html) In this period of time, the global economy is still struggling post-crisis and the growth of economics is slower further, the customers are still cut-off their spend on buy products, the competitive in electronics industry is more and more. The One Sony strategy ‘s one aim to accelerating innovation, create the differentiation but mostly they still focus on the core business: Digital imaging, Gaming and Mobile. In the core business Sony have the advantage as one of the leaders of the market with wide-known product such as Xperia mobile, PlayStation console game, Home theatre,†¦ This will retain Sony as the famous company in the electronics industry, know world-wide (keep them from the situation as Nokia), the profit of the core business will provide fun for RD, which essential for any companies in the electronics industry, creating new business, accelerating innovation. Although Sony choice the focus strategy, but as any strategy, Sony then have to create differentiation on its products (create new business, accelerating innovation) come along with reduce cost (realigning the business portfolio and optimizing resources). This movement will help Sony have the advantage on compete with the rivals, whom desperately want to gain more market share.